Hendrik Johannes Cruijff (Johan Cruijff (help·info)) - often spelled Cruyff outside the Netherlands; see IJ (digraph)); born April 25, 1947 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch football manager/coach and former player. He was named European Footballer of the Year three times (1971, 1973, 1974)[1] which is a record jointly held with Michel Platini and Marco van Basten. Cruijff was the most famous exponent of the football philosophy known as Total Football, developed by Rinus Michels.
After his retirement from playing in 1984, Cruijff became highly successful as manager of Ajax and later FC Barcelona; he remains an influential advisor to both clubs.
In 1999, Cruijff was voted European Player of the Century in an election held by the IFFHS, and came second, behind Pelé in their World Player of the Century poll. He came third, behind Pelé and Diego Maradona, in a vote organised by the French weekly magazine France Football consulting their former Ballon d'Or winners to elect their Football Player of the Century.
Cruijff joined Ajax on his 10th birthday. He made his first team debut on 15 November 1964 in the Eredivisie, against GVAV, scoring the only goal for Ajax in a 3-1 defeat. That year Ajax finished in their lowest position since the establishment of professional football, 13th. Cruijff really started to make an impression in the 1965-1966 season. Cruijff established himself as a regular first team player after scoring two goals against DWS in the Olympic stadion on 24 October 1965 (in a 2-0 victory). In the seven games that winter he scored eight times and in March 1966 he scored the first 3 goals in a league game against Telstar (6-2 win). Four days later, in a cup game against BV Veendam (7-0 win), he scored 4 goals. In total that season, Cruijff scored 25 goals in 23 games, and Ajax won the league championship.
In 1966-1967 Ajax again won the league championship, but also won the KNVB Cup, for Cruijff's first "double". Cruijff ended the season as the leading goalscorer in the Eredivisie with 33.
Cruijff won the league for the third successive year in the 1967-1968 season. He was also named Dutch footballer of the year for the second successive time, a feat he would repeat in 1969. On 28 May 1969 Cruijff played in his first European Cup final against AC Milan, but the Italian team ended up winning 4-1.
In the 1969-1970 season Cruijff won his second league and cup "double", but at the beginning of the 1970-1971 season Cruijff suffered a long-term groin injury. He made his comeback on 30 October 1970 against PSV. In this game he did not wear his usual number 9 which was in use by Gerrie Mühren, but instead used number 14. Ajax won the game 1-0. Although it was very uncommon in those days for the starters of a game not to play with numbers 1 to 11, from that moment onwards Cruijff's number was 14, even using the number with the Dutch national team. There has even been a documentary on Cruijff titled Nummer 14 Johan Cruijff and in his native Holland there is a magazine by Voetbal International titled "Nummer 14".
In a league game against AZ '67 on 29 November 1970 Cruijff scored no less than six goals in an 8-1 victory. After winning a replayed KNVB Cup final against Sparta Rotterdam (2-1), Ajax won in Europe for the first time. On 2 June 1971 in London they won the European Cup by defeating Panathinaikos 2-0. In spite of speculation that Cruijff would move to another club (Feyenoord and Barcelona were interested) on 12 July 1971 he signed a seven-year contract at Ajax. At the end of the season he became not only the Dutch, but also the European Footballer of the Year for 1971.
1972 was a particular successful year for Ajax and Cruijff. Ajax won a second European Cup, beating Internazionale 2-0 in the final, with Cruijff scoring both goals. This victory prompted Dutch newspapers to announce the demise of the Italian style of defensive football in the face of Total Football. Soccer: The Ultimate Encyclopaedia says: "Single-handed, Cruijff not only pulled Internazionale of Italy apart in the 1972 European Cup Final, but scored both goals in Ajax's 2-0 win." Cruijff also scored in the 3-2 victory over FC Den Haag in the KNVB Cup final. In the league Cruijff was the topscorer with 25 goals as Ajax became champions. In the autumn Ajax won the Intercontinental Cup beating Argentina's Independiente (1-1 and 3-0) and then in January 1973 they won the European Super Cup by beating Rangers 3-1 away and 3-2 in Amsterdam. Curiously Cruijff's first (and last) own goal came on 20 August 1972 against FC Amsterdam. A week later against Go Ahead Eagles (6-0) Cruijff scored four times for Ajax. The 1972-1973 season was concluded with the another league championship victory and a third successive Europe Cup.
In the summer of 1973 Cruijff was sold to FC Barcelona for 6 million guilder (approx. US$ 2 million, c.1973).
At Barcelona, Cruijff quickly won over the Barça fans when he told the European press he chose Barça over Real Madrid because he could not play for a club associated with Franco. He further endeared himself when he chose a Catalan name, Jordi, for his son. He helped the club win La Liga for the first time since 1960, along the way defeating Real Madrid 5-0 at their home of Bernabéu. He was also crowned European Footballer of the Year at club.
During his time at Barcelona Cruijff scored one of his most famous goals, The 'Phantom' Goal. In a game against Atlético Madrid Cruijff leapt into the air, twisted his body so he was facing away from the goal and kicked the ball past the Atlético Madrid goalkeeper with his right heel (the ball was at about neck height and had already travelled past the far post), the goal was featured in the documentary En un momento dado in which fans of Cruijff attempted to recreate that moment, the goal has been dubbed Le but d'Imposible de Cruyff (The Impossible goal of Cruijff).
As a Dutch international he played 48 matches, scoring 33 goals. In his second Dutch national team match, a friendly against Czechoslovakia, Cruijff was the first Dutch international to receive a red card. He received a one-year suspension from the Dutch KNVB.
Accusations of Cruijff's 'aloofness' were not rebuffed by his habit of wearing a shirt with only two black stripes along the sleeves, as opposed to Adidas' usual design feature of three, worn by all the other Dutch players. Cruijff, however, had a separate sponsorship deal with Puma.
Cruijff led the Netherlands to a runners-up medal in the 1974 FIFA World Cup and was named the player of the tournament. Thanks to his team's mastery of Total Football, they coasted all the way to the final, knocking out Argentina (4-0), East Germany (2-0) and Brazil (2-0) along the way. Cruijff himself scored twice against Argentina in one of his team's most dominating performances, then he scored the second goal against Brazil to knock out the defending champions. The Netherlands faced hosts West Germany in the final. Cruijff kicked off and the ball was passed around the Oranje thirteen times before returning to Cruijff, who then went on a rush that eluded Berti Vogts and ended when he was fouled by Uli Hoeneß inside the box. Teammate Neeskens scored from the spot kick to give the Netherlands a 1-0 lead, and the Germans had not even touched the ball. Only during the latter half of the final was his playmaking influence stifled by the effective marking of Berti Vogts, while Franz Beckenbauer, Uli Hoeneß and Wolfgang Overath dominated the midfield, enabling West Germany to win 2-1.
Cruijff retired from international football in October 1977, having helped the national team qualify for the upcoming World Cup. He refused to participate in the tournament finals in Argentina because it had suffered a military coup only two years earlier, and he refused to play in a country where he believed torture and murder to be perpetrated by the junta. Without him, the Netherlands finished runners-up in the World Cup again.
References:
^ a b c Johan Cruyff -International Hall of Fame. Article from ifhof.com. Retrieved on 9 April 2007.
^ IFFHS' Century Elections. Article on rsssf.com. Retrieved on March 22, 2007.
^ The Best x Players of the Century/All-Time. Article on rsssf.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ The total footballer. Article on BBC Sport. Retrieved on March 23, 2007.
^ The Ever-Controversial Revolutionary. Article on FootballingWorld.com. Retrieved on March 24, 2007.
^ http://www.eredivisie.nl/history/1964-1965.html
^ What's in a name?. Article on Cruijff.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Nummer 14 Johan Cruijff. Film page on IMDb.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Nummer 14. Nummer14.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Playing for Feyenoord. Article on Cruijff.com. Retrieved on April 7, 2007.
^ Germany 1974. Article on FIFAWorldCup.yahoo.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ 1978 - Argentina: Argentina delight home crowds. Article on Reuters.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Johan Cruyff. Profile on FIFAWorldCup.yahoo.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Golden Players take centre stage. Article on UEFA.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ http://www.laureus.com/winners?q=node/1084
^ Kuijt receives Dutch accolade. Article on UEFA.com. Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Huntelaar weer twee prijzen rijker. Article on Ajax.nl (Dutch). Retrieved on March 18, 2007.
^ Ajax tribute to 'priceless' Cruyff. Article on UEFA.com. Retrieved on April 22, 2007 |